This post is to clear the doubts about the use of ई/यी, ए/ये, लिए/लिये in Hindi spellings/sentences.
While
teaching online students, I realized certain concepts of matras (मात्रा) are not clear, hence they make mistakes in pronouncing
the words and in written Hindi.
A set of rules for modern standard Hindi spellings was formulated and
approved by the Govt. of India. It’s known as “हिंदी भाषा का मानक रूप”.
There are
three terms relevant –
मानक रूप - standard form (जो सही है)
अमानक रूप -
non-standard form
(जो गलत है)
मानकेत्तर - in use (चलन में)
A standardized version was necessary to make Hindi language learning easy,
but it often gets
· लिए/लिये
लिए/लिये both are similar sounding words
but their meaning and usage in the sentence are different.
ए – पूर्ण स्वर
ये – अर्ध स्वर (य् + ए – ये)
- लिये is used for verbs (क्रिया). It means “in exchange” (लेन-देन/ आदान प्रदान).
eg. राम
ने दो सेब लिये।/ राम
ने पाँच रूपये में दो सेब लिये।
माली हाथ में फूल लिये था।
- (के) लिए is used in dative case. It means “for”.
In Hindi grammar, the dative case is used in a
transitive verb, to indicate for whose advantage or disadvantage (के
लिए) an action happens. eg. - उसके लिए, मेरे लिए, आपके लिए,
तुम्हारे लिए......
Ram bought a doll for his
daughter.
राम ने अपनी बेटी के
लिए गुड़िया खरीदी। (संप्रदान कारक)
दादी को पूजा के
लिए फूल चाहिए।
राम ने पिताजी के
लिए छाता खरीदा।
Ø However, in indeclinable (अव्यय)
ए-(पूर्ण स्वर) is used for words like इसलिए (so/therefore/here upon), चाहिए (desire/wish/needed/go
for...)
· ए/ये
ए – पूर्ण-स्वर
ये – अर्ध-स्वर (य्+ए – ये)
- Verbs (क्रिया शब्द) in singular form ending with “या” would end with ये/यी in the plural
form too. eg.-
आया – आये/आयी, गया –
गये/गयी, नहाया – नहाये/नहायी
किया – कीजिये, दिया – दिये, पढ़ाया - पढ़ायी
- Noun (संज्ञा शब्द) in singular form ending with “या”
would
end with “ये” in the plural
form too. eg.-
भेड़िया – भेड़िये, डाकिया – डाकिये, रुपया – रुपये, गड़रिया - गड़रिये
- Verbs (क्रिया शब्द) in singular form ending with “आ” would end with ए/इए in the plural
form too. eg.-
चला/चलना – चलिए, देखा/देखना – देखिए, सुना/सुनना – सुनिए/सुनाइए,
बोला/बोलना – बोलिए,...…
Ø To show respect, appreciation, direction or appealing, verbs end with “ए”. eg….
आइए, देखिए, बैठिए, सोचिए,
करिए, चाहिए.....
- Noun (संज्ञा शब्द) in singular form ending with “आ”
would
end with ए in the plural form too. eg.-
जुआ – जुए, कुआँ – कुएँ, रुआ/रोंआ – रोएँ, कौआ – कौए
ई
ई – पूर्ण-स्वर
पूर्ण-स्वर – ई is used only in noun (संज्ञा)
words. eg…
हलवाई, रज़ाई, मिठाई, लिखाई (लिखावट), पढ़ाई (भाव.सं), कढ़ाई, बुनाई, सिलाई,
सिंचाई…..
The only exception with verbs (क्रिया)
is with हुआ – हुए/हुई.
eg. बच्चा पढ़ाई
में कमज़ोर है। (भाववाचक सं.)
गुरुजी ने
कविता पढ़ायी। (क्रिया)
Ø Here I would like to point out one exception of use of नयी/नई used in terms of
नयी
दिल्ली/नई दिल्ली.
As per the rules of Hindi grammar नया – नयी but in terms of नयी दिल्ली/नई दिल्ली we do
not find any explanation for the term used नई. The only explanation valid is that नई दिल्ली
is a noun word (संज्ञा).
Ø According to the standardized version….
· हलंत (्) should be
called “हल् चिह्न”
· ऐ/औ matra pronunciation is to be used in the following forms
-
भय्या – भैया, सय्यद – सैयद, तय्यार – तैयार, गव्वया – गवैया,
कव्वा – कौवा, हव्वा – हौवा....
Ø Words coming from Sanskrit (तत्सम शब्द) such as शय्या should not be
changed to शैया.
Ø South Indian surnames अय्यर, नय्यर, रामय्या etc, are not to be written as एयर, नैयर, रामैया.
I hope the doubts are cleared with the above explanation. For any other queries on this topic, please leave a comment in the comments section. I’m uploading two simple worksheets on this topic.
Your
opinions and suggestions are most welcome. Happy teaching!!!
